Azithromycin dosage for infant

Azithromycin dosage for infant

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC has released guidelines on antimicrobial agents for the treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of pertussis. The full report was published in the December 9,issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and is available at http: The use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents for postexposure prophylaxis eliminates Bordetella pertussis from the nasopharynx of infected persons. Early macrolide administration can reduce the duration and severity of symptoms and shorten the communicability period.

Postexposure chemoprophylaxis can be given to asymptomatic contacts to prevent secondary cases, but symptomatic contacts should be azithromycin dosage as if they have pertussis. Erythromycin, clarithromycin Infantand azithromycin Zithromax are preferred for the treatment infant azithromycin dosage for pertussis in persons one month and older. In thoses younger than one month, the use of erythromycin and clarithromycin is not recommended, and azithromycin is preferred.

When choosing an antimicrobial for treatment or prophylaxis, the following factors should be taken into account: Azithromycin and clarithromycin are as effective as erythromycin "for infant" treatment of pertussis in patients six months and older. They also are better tolerated and for infant associated with fewer and milder side effects than erythromycin.

However, erythromycin is available in generic form and is less expensive. If there is no contraindication, a macrolide can be given as prophylaxis for persons who are can you smoke adderall 20 mg close contact with a patient who has pertussis. Before making a decision about postexposure chemoprophylaxis, the following factors should be evaluated: Benefits should be weighed against the potential side effects of the drug.

Symptomatic household members should be treated as if they have pertussis. Postexposure prophylaxis should be administered in infants younger than 12 months or women in the third trimester of pregnancy, because they are at risk for severe and possibly deadly complications. The recommended "for infant" agents and dosages for postexposure prophylaxis are the same as those for the treatment of pertussis Table 1.

Not preferred associated with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Use if azithromycin is unavailable; 40 to 50 mg per kg per day in four divided doses for 14 days. Contraindicated in infants younger than two months. For infants two months or older, TMP at a dosage of 8 mg per kg per day and SMX at a dosage of 40 mg infant kg per day in two divided doses for 14 days. TMP at a dosage of for infant mg per kg per day, SMX at a dosage of 40 mg per kg per day in two divided doses for 14 days.

TMP at a dosage of mg per day, SMX at a dosage of 1, compare dosage xanax and valium per day in two divided doses for 14 days. Reprinted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended antimicrobial agents for the treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of pertussis. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any macrolide for use in infants younger than six months.

Information regarding the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin and clarithromycin use in this age group is limited. Small clinical studies propose that azithromycin and clarithromycin are similarly effective in patients one to five months of age and in older infants and children. These limited trials support the use of azithromycin and clarithromycin infant first-line agents in infants one to five months of age.

This is because of their in vitro effectiveness against B. However, it should for infant noted that untreated infants with pertussis remain culture-positive for a longer duration than older children and adults. A macrolide is contraindicated if there is a history of hypersensitivity. The common side effects of oral macrolides are gastrointestinal e. Side effects are more common and severe with erythromycin therapy.

Azithromycin is administered as a single daily dose, and it is classified as a Pregnancy Category B drug. Because they reduce absorption of azithromycin, antacids containing aluminum or magnesium should not be used by patients taking azithromycin. Physicians should be cautious about prescribing to patients with impaired hepatic function, and patients should be monitored if they also use agents that are metabolized by the cytochrome P enzyme system or other drugs for which pharmacokinetics change e.

Possible side effects of azithromycin use include abdominal discomfort or pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness. A 14—day course of erythromycin is recommended because relapses have been reported after completion of a seven- to 10—day treatment regimen. Erythromycin is classified as a Pregnancy Category B drug. Although animal reproduction studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, no for infant or well-controlled trials in humans exist. Using erythromycin in combination with a drug that is primarily metabolized by CYP3A can produce elevations in drug concentrations that could increase or prolong the therapeutic and adverse effects.

There also have been reports of erythromycin interacting with drugs not thought to be metabolized by CYP3A e. Possible side effects of erythromycin use include gastrointestinal irritation e. Severe reactions such as anaphylaxis are uncommon. Clarithromycin is a Pregnancy Category C drug. Although animal reproduction studies have demonstrated an adverse effect on the fetus, no well-controlled studies in humans exist.

Clarithromycin is an inhibitor of the cytochrome P enzyme infant CYP3A subclassand using it in combination with a drug that is primarily metabolized for infant CYP3A can result in elevations in drug concentrations that could increase or prolong therapeutic and adverse effects. When the patient has impaired renal function, dosage and intervals between doses should is it safe to take ativan while drinking reevaluated.

Common side for infant of clarithromycin use include epigastric distress, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Hypersensitivity reactions, hepatotoxicity, and severe reactions such as anaphylaxis are uncommon. Because it nursing interventions for alprazolam unknown if clarithromycin is associated with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, it should not be given to infants younger than one month.

The drug is contraindicated if there is history of macrolide hypersensitivity. Although animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, no adequate or well-controlled studies in humans exist. Uncommon side effects include Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, blood is lorazepam a short or long acting benzo withdrawal, for infant hepatic necrosis.

Adequate fluid consumption is important in preventing crystalluria and renal stones. No published information exists on the clinical effectiveness of other macrolides e. Other antimicrobials such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolines, chloramphenicol Chloromycetinand cephalosporins have demonstrated varying degrees of in vitro inhibitory activity against B. Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones may have harmful side effects when used in children.

For these reasons, none of the above antimicrobial agents is recommended for treatment or postexposure prophylaxis of azithromycin dosage. Already a member or subscriber? This content infant azithromycin dosage for owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the for infant and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference.

This for infant may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. Want to use this article elsewhere? Insulin Detemir Levmir for Diabetes Mellitus. Jul 15, Issue. Recommendations The use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents for postexposure prophylaxis eliminates Bordetella pertussis from the nasopharynx of infected persons.

Use if azithromycin is unavailable; 40 to 50 mg per kg per day in four divided doses for for infant days Not recommended safety data unavailable Contraindicated in infants younger than two months risk for kernicterus Infants one to five months of age 10 mg per kg per day in a single dose for five days 40 to 50 mg per kg per day in four divided doses for 14 days 15 mg per kg per day in two divided doses for seven days Contraindicated in infants younger than two months.

For infants two months or older, TMP at a dosage of 8 mg per kg per day and SMX at a dosage of 40 mg for infant kg per day in two divided doses for 14 days Infants six months or older and older children 10 mg infant for kg in a single dose on day 1, then 5 mg per kg per day maximum: Read the full article. Get immediate access, anytime, anywhere. Choose a single article, issue, or full-access subscription. Earn up to 6 CME credits per infant for. See My Options close.

To see the full article, log in or purchase access. Email Alerts Don't miss a single issue. Sign up for the free AFP email table of contents. Continue reading from July 15, Previous: Infants younger than one month. Azithromycin dosage for recommended safety data unavailable. Contraindicated in infants younger than two months risk for kernicterus. Infants one to five months of age. Dosage azithromycin six months or older and older children.

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