Diazepam 510 mg tablet

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Bibi aD. Tablet bM. Macdougall-Heasman bR. Diazepam 510 mg tablet aK. Simpson cA. Tough aDiazepam 510. Waddell aI. Stewart b and K. Increasing numbers of illicit and unlicensed medicines are in general circulation and regularly seized by the police and other regulatory authorities. Forensic identification of seized tablets tends to focus on visual appearance and chromatographic identification of the contained drug.

This process is relatively time consuming and places a strain on forensic laboratories. Sixteen different cases Cases A to P of diazepam tablets obtained from Police Scotland were characterised based on visual appearance colour and manufacturers' logosphysical attributes size, weight and hardnessdrug type, drug quantity HPLC and thermal properties DSC. Raw DSC data was further processed using tablet component analysis PCA as an objective mg tablet 510 diazepam of the thermograms obtained with a view to statistical grouping of tablet cases.

Control of these drugs in the UK is compromised by the increase in the amount of diazepam, for example, purchased from online pharmacies outside the European Union, mainly Diazepam 510 mg tablet and India, where the counterfeit trade appears to be sophisticated. Apart from the necessary qualitative and quantitative analyses of drug type and content, other important tablet characteristics such as appearance colour and identifying marks and physical attributes such as size, shape, weight and hardness, can all contribute to forensic classification.

Licitly produced tablets tablets licensed in the UK would be expected to conform to recognised national pharmacopoeial standards whereas illicitly produced tablets would not necessarily be subject to the same rigorous rules. Previous work using advanced chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, e. Diazepam 510 mg tablet, HPLC and SEM-EDXA, indicated that apart from a lack of control in drug quality, quantity and even drug type, diazepam tablets "diazepam 510 mg tablet" sold illicitly often bear a variety of genuine manufacturers' logos that serve to confuse the issue of forensic identification.

In addition to drug analysis, identification and characterisation of tablet excipients, i. DSC is a non-standard technique in the forensic identification of tablets despite being well-established as a key analytical tool in preformulation studies within the pharmaceutical sector. Changes to the heat capacity of the sample are indicative "diazepam 510 mg tablet" phase changes or chemical reactions within the sample and are characteristic for individual samples.

Thermal events encountered typically include dehydration, recrystallization, melting and degradation. Diazepam 510 randomly selected tablet from each batch was crushed in a mortar and pestle and approximately 20 mg was accurately weighed and transferred to a volumetric diazepam 510 mg tablet 10 mL and acetonitrile 2 mL added followed by 0. Samples for analysis were filtered 1 mL Plastipak syringe and disposable 0.

A mobile phase tablet of Eluent B was changed to Peak integration was undertaken using LC solutions software. Values quoted in Table 1 are the "510 tablet diazepam mg" of 3 measurements from each case. The rationale for this was to further objectify the DSC data with a view diazepam 510 mg tablet producing statistical matches of disparate 510 mg tablet diazepam. Measurement of tablet thickness indicated highly variable results ranging from 2. Clearly, there are significant discrepancies in the values of melting point determined in these studies by DSC for temazepam, diazepam and oxazepam compared to the quoted literature "tablet." It diazepam 510 mg tablet be noted that the quoted values take no account of polymorph or pseudopolymorph solvate formation and refer to crystals from specific solvents with tablet points determined using traditional laboratory melting point apparatus.

The three benzodiazepines showing discrepancies in this study, like most drug substances, are known to exhibit polymorphism. Although unable to give unambiguous indication of the specific polymorphic form of a substance as a stand alone technique in the absence of definitive X-ray crystallographic data, for the purposes of diazepam 510 study, DSC is able to quickly distinguish between the different types of benzodiazepine that may be present in an unknown tablet sample.

Several different pharmaceutical grades of lactose numbered 1—7-see Section 2. Other common tablet excipients tested included the binders maize starch, Diazepam 510 mg tablet and poloxamerand the lubricants magnesium stearate and stearic acid known to be present in Com 1. A variety of thermal behaviours were apparent for these four excipients and are shown in Fig. PVP displayed a largely non-descript thermogram showing a small drift in the baseline heat capacity most zolpidem uses and side effects associated with desorption of water as for maize starch.

Possible reasons could be attributed to the proximity of the main Emcompress dehydration event causing major perturbations within the sample pan and a resultant loss of a distinct signal for the drug, or the drug content being too low for detection. A combination of does xanax help for fear of flying factors may also be involved.

It was concluded that DSC is a fast and effective method of tablet "tablet" able to reveal both crude and subtle differences between disparate batches of tablets. This capability is illustrated in Fig. Finally, the bulk of the cases containing lactose as the main excipient were closely grouped by PCA as might be expected and discrepancies relating to the relative magnitude of diazepam content height of the diazepam melt transition relative to the dehydration of lactose and the conspicuous signature associated with the presence of how long does xanax take to work for sleep lactose, were distinguishing features readily revealed by DSC that aided further correlation of different cases.

Methods, 7 How to get the best high off adderall xr 2nd July mg tablet 510 diazepam, Accepted 18th August All tablets 16 individual cases assigned letters A to P were weighed on a calibrated analytical balance Mettler Toledo and the mean tablet weight and standard deviation calculated. Tablet thickness was determined at the point of maximum depth and tablet diameter was measured in the direction of the score line using a digital calliper cm, DBL series, Stanton, London, UK.

The absolute number of tablets available varied from case to case. The force required to cause mechanical failure can diazepam be used as a muscle relaxer individual tablets was performed tablet a THB 28 tablet hardness tester Erweka, Heusenstamm, Germany.

Following careful cleaning of the test platform, individual tablets were placed flat on the platform with the diameter parallel and the score line diazepam 510 mg tablet present perpendicular to the plane of the compressive force. Crushed samples were labelled according to the case code and individually numbered for easy identification prior to analysis by DSC.

High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC, was used to identify and quantify the drug content of each batch of tablets. Prior to tablet analysis, calibration was undertaken with the pure benzodiazepine samples. Individual samples 1 mg were dissolved in acetonitrile 1 mL and 0. The mobile phase was composed of a phosphate buffered solution 4. Table 1 Identification of individual tablets containing details of visible markings logosa summary of the diazepam 510 excipients identified by DSC and the diazepam content as determined by HPLC.

All efforts to reduce external contamination of the heating cell and sample pans were undertaken. Samples 5—10 mg of Maize Starch B. Tablet samples were crushed and finely ground in a small agate mortar and pestle. Individual Cases A to P are included. An overlay of the thermograms for the five different benzodiazepines analysed by DSC Fig.

The onset temperatures, in increasing order, were Sugars are commonly used as tablet fillers or diluents, lactose being by far the most common. Samples of each of these sugars were analysed by DSC using a single heating run and presented diazepam 510 Fig. Distinctive thermal signatures were apparent for all samples indicating mainly, dehydration, melting and degradation events.

With the benefit of the DSC data presented in Fig. Both licit tablets and Case N did not show evidence of amorphous lactose. The presence of diazepam was clearly resolved in Com 2 and to a lesser extent in Com 1. The fact that diazepam is tablet clearly resolved in Com 1 may be attributable to any of these factors. Both licit tablets, Com 1 and Com 2, contained 8. Com 1 gave a weak but relatively sharp signal corresponding to the melting of stearic acid, a tablet lubricant, as might have been expected from consideration of the manufacturer's labelling.

Of the remaining ten cases containing diazepam, the high levels of drug measured for Cases H, I Fig. This indication was corroborated by the diazepam contents as determined by HPLC of Note the apparent absence of dejar lorazepam de golpe lactose content in both licit samples and Case N. Note the significant differences between Cases D and F which both contain lactose.

PCA is a widely used chemometric technique that reduces the dimensionality of multivariate data. In essence, a matrix of the covariances of each of the variables heat flow and diazepam 510 mg tablet is produced and the eigenvectors are determined. The PCs are ranked tablet to their eigenvalues, the largest of which holds the greatest variability. This is an unsupervised technique and existence of a correlation between samples is highlighted by clustering in a scores plot.

It was undertaken on all DSC data diazepam 510 mg tablet remove subjectivity of observation. Of the remainder of the cases investigated, including the two known commercial samples, Cases A, C and G did not contain lactose or Emcompress bulk excipient as yet unknown but contained similar quantities of diazepam.

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